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第八课 ​

一、课文原文 ​

A Famous Monastery

The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 2,470 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, once famous all over the world, have helped over 2,000 people. The monastery also has a hospice, which provides shelter for travellers in distress.

The Pass is dangerous because of the sudden changes in weather. In summer, the sun can be blazing hot, but in winter, the temperature can drop to thirty degrees below zero. Snowstorms are common, and the wind can be so strong that it knocks people over. In the old days, before the road was built, the only way to cross was on foot or by mule. Many travellers lost their way in the snow and froze to death.

Today, the road is well-maintained, and the monastery is no longer the only refuge. But the St. Bernard dogs still patrol the area, and the monks still offer hot soup and a warm bed to anyone in need. The spirit of the place remains unchanged: a beacon of hope in a land of ice and snow.

二、核心词汇与词组精讲、拓展及例句 ​

1. Monastery

  • 英文释义：A building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living in religious seclusion.
  • 中文释义：修道院；僧院。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • convent（女修道院）：She entered a convent to become a nun.
    • abbey（大修道院，通常有教堂）：Westminster Abbey is a famous royal church.
    • shrine（神殿，圣坛，多指朝圣地）：Pilgrims visited the shrine to pray for healing.

2. Hospice

  • 英文释义：A home providing care for the sick or terminally ill; historically, a rest house for travellers.
  • 中文释义：收容所；（古义）旅客招待所；（今义）临终关怀医院。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • shelter（庇护所，避难所）：The homeless sought shelter from the storm.
    • refuge（避难所，安全的地方）：The island became a refuge for political exiles.
    • sanctuary（圣所，保护区）：The forest is a wildlife sanctuary.

3. Blaze

  • 英文释义：To burn brightly and fiercely; to shine very brightly.
  • 中文释义：燃烧；闪耀；（太阳）炙烤。
  • 核心词组：blazing hot（酷热的）。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • scorch（烤焦，灼伤）：The sun scorched the dry grass.
    • glare（刺眼地照耀）：The sun glared off the snow.
    • radiate（辐射，散发）：The fire radiated intense heat.

4. Patrol

  • 英文释义：To walk or travel through an area at regular intervals to maintain security or supervision.
  • 中文释义：巡逻；巡查。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • guard（守卫，看守）：Soldiers guarded the entrance.
    • monitor（监控，监测）：Cameras monitor the traffic flow.
    • scout（侦察，搜索）：They scouted the area for enemy troops.

5. Beacon

  • 英文释义：A fire or light set up in a high or prominent position for warning, signal, or celebration.
  • 中文释义：灯塔；烽火；指引。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • lighthouse（灯塔，实物）：The lighthouse guided the ships home.
    • signal（信号）：They lit a signal fire on the hill.
    • guide（向导，指引，抽象）：His words were a beacon of hope.

6. Distress

  • 英文释义：Extreme pain, sorrow, or anxiety; danger or difficulty requiring help.
  • 中文释义：痛苦；危难；忧伤。
  • 核心词组：in distress（在危难中；处于痛苦中）。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • agony（极度痛苦，身心皆痛）：He was in agony after the accident.
    • anguish（极度悲痛，精神痛苦）：She felt deep anguish over the loss.
    • peril（危险，险情）：The ship was in peril on the rough sea.

7. Maintain

  • 英文释义：To cause or enable a condition or state of affairs to continue; to keep something in good condition.
  • 中文释义：维持；保养；坚持。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • preserve（保护，保存，强调防破坏）：We must preserve the ancient forest.
    • sustain（维持，支撑，强调持续力）：Exercise sustains good health.
    • uphold（维护，支持，多指法律或原则）：The court upheld the original verdict.

三、特别语法点拨（长难句） ​

非限制性定语从句的“补充说明”功能

  • 原句：The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away.
  • 解析：这里的 which was founded... 是非限制性定语从句，用逗号与主句隔开。它的作用不是“限定”是哪一座修道院（因为前面已经说了是 St. Bernard），而是补充背景信息。
  • 写作启示：在描写地点或人物时，不要把所有信息塞进一个长句。用非限制性定语从句把历史、特征、评价等“软信息”插进去，主句保持位置、状态等“硬信息”的清晰。这样句子既有信息量，又不累赘。

四、智慧版写作指导 ​

1. 用“空间推移”构建说明文骨架

  • 写作指导：描写一个地方，不要东一句西一句。采用从大到小或从外到内的空间顺序，让读者的视线跟着你的文字移动。
  • 课文示范：The Great St. Bernard Pass...（大背景）→ ... The monastery... Lies about a mile away.（具体地点）→ ... Hospice...（内部设施）。
  • 实战仿写：The campus is nestled in the valley. At its heart stands the library, surrounded by lush gardens. Inside, the main hall is filled with the scent of old paper.（山谷 → 校园中心 → 图书馆 → 内部大厅，视线层层推进。）

2. 用“极端对比”突出环境特征

  • 写作指导：描写自然环境时，单说“很冷”或“很热”很无力。把两个极端放在同一个段落里对比，能瞬间拉满张力。
  • 课文示范：In summer, the sun can be blazing hot, but in winter, the temperature can drop to thirty degrees below zero.
  • 实战仿写：The desert is a land of extremes. By day, the sun scorches the earth, but by night, the cold bites through your clothes.

3. 用“象征物”升华文章立意

  • 写作指导：在文章结尾，不要只停留在“这里风景很美”或“这里很有用”。找一个具体的物体（如灯塔、狗、汤），赋予它象征意义，让文章从“说明”变成“感悟”。
  • 课文示范：... A beacon of hope in a land of ice and snow.（用“beacon”象征希望，把物理的修道院升华为精神的灯塔。）
  • 实战仿写：
    • 写书店：It is not just a shop; it is a harbor for wandering minds.
    • 写老树：The tree is not just wood; it is a witness to a century of change.

WARNING

以上内容由AI生成，请自主辨明是否存在问题。