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第二十一课 ​

一、课文原文 ​

Daniel Mendoza

Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money. Because there were no rules, fights were often brutal and sometimes fatal.

In 1780, a young man named Daniel Mendoza entered the ring. He was not a big man, but he was incredibly fast and intelligent. Instead of standing still and trading heavy blows, Mendoza used his feet to dance around his opponent. He dodged punches and struck back with lightning speed. The crowd was amazed. They had never seen boxing like this before.

Mendoza became a national hero, but his success made him enemies. He was eventually defeated by a bigger, stronger opponent, John Jackson. Despite this loss, Mendoza's legacy was secure. He had introduced science and skill into a brutal sport. Later, he opened a boxing academy and wrote a book on the art of boxing. He proved that a small man could defeat a giant, not by strength, but by brains.

二、核心词汇与词组精讲、拓展及例句 ​

1. Brutal

  • 英文释义：Savagely violent; harsh or unfeeling.
  • 中文释义：残忍的；野蛮的；残酷的。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • savage（野蛮的，凶猛的）：A savage attack.
    • cruel（残忍的，强调缺乏同情心）：A cruel punishment.
    • gentle（温和的，反义词）：A gentle breeze.

2. Fatal

  • 英文释义：Causing death; disastrous.
  • 中文释义：致命的；毁灭性的。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • deadly（致死的，致命的）：A deadly disease.
    • lethal（致命的，多指武器或毒药）：A lethal weapon.
    • survivable（可存活的，反义词）：A survivable crash.

3. Opponent

  • 英文释义：A person who competes against another in a sport, game, or debate.
  • 中文释义：对手；敌手；反对者。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • rival（竞争对手，常指长期的）：A fierce rival.
    • adversary（敌手，较正式）：A formidable adversary.
    • ally（盟友，反义词）：A close ally.

4. Dodge

  • 英文释义：To avoid (someone or something) by moving quickly aside.
  • 中文释义：闪避；躲开；躲避。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • evade（逃避，躲避，较正式）：Evade the police.
    • duck（迅速低头躲避）：Duck to avoid the low branch.
    • confront（面对，迎击，反义词）：Confront the problem.

5. Legacy

  • 英文释义：Something left or handed down by a predecessor; a lasting impact.
  • 中文释义：遗产；遗留物；深远影响。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • heritage（遗产，文化传承）：Cultural heritage.
    • inheritance（继承物）：A large inheritance.
    • burden（负担，贬义反义词）：A heavy burden.

6. Academy

  • 英文释义：An institution for secondary or higher education; a school for special training.
  • 中文释义：学院；专科学校；学会。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • institute（学院，研究所）：A technology institute.
    • school（学校，通用）：A driving school.
    • university（大学）：A prestigious university.

7. Brains

  • 英文释义：Intelligence; mental ability.
  • 中文释义：智力；头脑；智慧（常用复数形式）。
  • 核心词组：use one's brains（动脑筋）；not by strength, but by brains（不靠蛮力，靠智慧）。
  • 词汇拓展与例句：
    • intelligence（智力，智商）：Artificial intelligence.
    • wisdom（智慧，人生经验）：Practical wisdom.
    • brawn（体力，蛮力，常与 brains 对比）：Brawn over brains.

三、特别语法点拨（长难句） ​

Instead of + V-ing 引导的替代/对比状语

  • 原句：Instead of standing still and trading heavy blows, Mendoza used his feet to dance around his opponent.
  • 解析：Instead of 后面接动名词（V-ing），表示“没有做某事，而是做了另一件事”。在人物描写中，这种结构是刻画人物独特性的利器。它通过否定一种常规做法（站着挨打），来凸显主角的创新做法（灵活闪避）。
  • 实战仿写：
    • Instead of panicking during the emergency, she calmly directed everyone to the exit.（在紧急情况下，她没有惊慌失措，而是冷静地指挥大家撤离。）
    • Instead of relying on luck, he prepared meticulously for the exam.（他没有靠运气，而是为考试做了精心的准备。）

四、智慧版写作指导 ​

1. 用“动作细节”代替“性格标签”

  • 写作指导：不要直接告诉读者“他很聪明”或“他很敏捷”。用一系列连贯的、具体的动作动词，让读者自己得出这个结论。动作描写比形容词更有说服力。
  • 课文示范：Instead of standing still... He used his feet to dance around his opponent. He dodged punches and struck back with lightning speed.（通过“舞动”、“闪避”、“闪电反击”三个动作，完美展现了他的“敏捷与智慧”。）
  • 实战仿写：Instead of shouting at the noisy customer, the manager smiled, poured a cup of tea, and listened patiently to the complaint.（用“微笑、倒茶、倾听”的动作展现经理的“高情商”，而不是直接写“他很会处理人际关系”。）

2. 用“时代背景”烘托人物的伟大

  • 写作指导：在写人物传记时，先花一两句话交代当时的环境有多么糟糕或落后，然后再引出主角的出场。这种“黑暗背景”能像聚光灯一样，瞬间照亮主角的贡献，让他的成就显得更加伟大。
  • 课文示范：In those days, boxers fought with bare fists... Fights were often brutal and sometimes fatal.（先写当时的拳击是“野蛮、致命”的，再引出门多萨引入“科学与技巧”，他的贡献不言而喻。）
  • 实战仿写：Before her arrival, the village had no clean water and children missed school daily. Then, she built a well and a school.（用过去的“缺水、失学”反衬她建井、建校的伟大。）

3. 用“金句式结尾”升华主题

  • 写作指导：在文章结尾，用一句高度凝练、对仗工整的总结句来概括人物的一生或精神。这种句子往往带有哲理，能让文章在读者心中留下长久的回味。
  • 课文示范：He proved that a small man could defeat a giant, not by strength, but by brains.（“not by A, but by B”的结构，简洁有力地总结了全文的核心思想。）
  • 实战仿写：
    • She didn't change the world with a sword, but with a pen.（她没有用剑改变世界，而是用一支笔。）
    • True courage is not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it.（真正的勇气不是没有恐惧，而是战胜恐惧。）

WARNING

以上内容由AI生成，请自主辨明是否存在问题。